The DSM-5 communication disorders include a new condition for persistent difficulties in the social uses of verbal and nonverbal communication: social (pragmatic) communication disorder or SCD. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD, under Neurodevelopmental Disorders)ĭescription. The prevalence rates from clinical samples are relevant to this report in demonstrating the magnitude of change that might be expected in prevalence rates from DSM-IV to DSM-5.ģ.1.1. For some disorders, we also reference prevalence rates in clinical samples where direct comparisons were performed between DSM-IV and DSM-5 ratings. In the report sections that follow we reference prevalence rates found in studies of community samples using the DSM-5. Section 3.3 provides a brief overview of DSM-5 changes to these remaining disorders. Other disorders did not have specific DSM-5 changes related to childhood, but these changes would be relevant to both adults and children (e.g., major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder ). Sections 3.1 and 3.2 provide detailed descriptions of these disorders as well as summaries of the research that has been conducted around their impact on the prevalence of childhood mental disorders. PTSD includes a new subtype specifically for children younger than 6 years of age. An ADHD diagnosis now requires symptoms to be present prior to the age of 12 (rather than 7, the age of onset from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. There were age-related diagnostic criteria changes for two other mental disorder categories particularly relevant to the definition of serious emotional disturbance (SED): attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Two new childhood mental disorders were added in the DSM-5: social communication disorder (or SCD) and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (or DMDD). (DSM-5) includes changes to some key disorders of childhood. All rights reserved.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. US Army Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP), Fort Detrick, MD.Ĭopyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. Clinicians need to consider how to manage discordant outcomes, particularly for service members and veterans with PTSD who no longer meet criteria under DSM-5. However, the new PTSD symptom criteria do not seem to have greater clinical utility, and a high percentage of soldiers who met criteria by one definition did not meet the other criteria. Our findings showed the PCL-5 to be equivalent to the validated PCL-S. The two definitions showed nearly identical association with other psychiatric disorders and functional impairment. PCL-5 scores from 15-38 performed similarly to PCL-S scores of 30-50 a PCL-5 score of 38 gave optimum agreement with a PCL-S of 50. However, of 221 soldiers with complete data who met DSM-IV-TR criteria, 67 (30%) did not meet DSM-5 criteria, and 59 additional soldiers met only DSM-5 criteria. In soldiers exposed to combat, 177 (19%) screened positive by DSM-IV-TR and 165 (18%) screened positive by DSM-5 criteria (0♶6). In analysis of all soldiers, 224 (13%) screened positive for PTSD by DSM-IV-TR criteria and 216 (12%) screened positive by DSM-5 criteria (κ 0♶7). Standardised scales measured major depression, generalised anxiety, alcohol misuse, and functional impairment. Soldiers alternately received either of two surveys that were identical except for the order of the two PCL versions (911 per group). Surveys were administered in November, 2013. We compared the new 20-item PCL, mapped to DSM-5 (PCL-5), with the original validated 17-item specific stressor version (PCL-S) in 1822 US infantry soldiers, including 946 soldiers who had been deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. Updated screening instruments, including the PTSD checklist (PCL), have not been compared with previously validated methods through head-to-head comparisons. How this will affect estimates of prevalence, whether clinical utility has been improved, and how many individuals who meet symptom criteria according to the previous definition will not meet new criteria is unknown. The definition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) underwent substantial changes in the 2013 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
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